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                                               A Hyper Electromagnetics Model 
                      For Quasi Quantum Computers 

Table of Contents
Part A
  Introduction
  Report Summary
  A Basic Model
  Experiment A: Linux Server And AMD Anthlon Computer Tests 
Part B
  Experiment B: Speed f_s Tests On Other Commercial Computers
  Experiment C: Decade Counters As A Hypertronic Circuit,
  Experiment D: Testing The eZ8 Microcontroller Calculation Speed,
  Uncertain Experiment E: Test Circuit With The Z180 Microprocessor.
Part C
  Experiment F: Testing the Z80 Microprocessor 
  Experiment G: Testing The Speed Of The 8085 Microprocessor
  Quantized Time And Hypertime Model Part C, (Requires a password. Not available.)
Part E
Part F
  Conclusion
  Reference Texts
  Word Glossary.


Introduction
In the past we considered the measurement of time using a clock as imaginary. Time flow rate would be the same throughout the universe. Time was just a number on a clock or a day on a calender. Time passing could be measured with a clock, but time did not have physical properties of its own. With Einstein's theory of relativity, the rate of time flow in different regions of space did not have to be the same. Atoms traveling at fast speeds in space would have a slower time flow rate than stationary atoms. Time appears now to be physical and not just an imaginary unit of time. Time is now not just an imaginary sensation, but is a physical object that could be altered.
When we exist and move through time there may by billions or trillions of moments of time in one second that exist in a six dimensional universe. A second of time could be divided into smaller moments of time. Physical time may consists of moments of time sections or parts. We can compare a small moment of time of a small region of three dimensional space as a picture frame of a motion picture film roll. Each picture frame may represent a single snap shot of a moment of a portion of the universe. As the film advances in the movie projector we can see the moving image of the movie. There may be N= trillions of moments of time frames in one second. Then the smallest moment of time in three dimensional space is 1/N. These subdivisions of time is quantized time, quantumized time or segmented time. The regions of three dimensional space times exists as packets of moments 4 as depicted in figure 2, and not as a steady continuous stream of time flow. An electron -e would jump from present to a future moment through hyperspace outside the region of moment 4 in figure 2. A real electron -e would only exists as a mass in a moment of three dimensional time like moment 4. This quantized time and hypertime model may be a variation of the quantum time model. If there are oscillations of charged masses like electrons that last shorter than 1/N, then time may not be measurable using mass like a neutron in a local three dimensional space-time. In between moments of time like 4, the electron may exist as a virtual electron. The electron jumps from moment to moment t_3,Di, and during this jump it may exist in local hyperspace and hypertime. Like in a motion film recording, if the vibrations of on object like a baseball in the movie is moving to fast, we cannot see and measure the speed of the ball accurately during certain small  moments of time. This scientific model of quantized time and hypertime may not even be a model, but is just a thought at this time. When experimenting with time related machines, the observation of the experiment by the experimenter may affect the experiment results. An electron -e takes an imaginary path 2 through ordinary four dimensional time t_3Di of three dimensional space and also through hypertime t_4Di that exists in and between ordinary moments of time 4. Motion speeds 5 in hypertime and local hyperspace of electron -e or virtual may be accelerated (red motion paths), but since we cannot normally detect this acceleration, electron motion and human aging in three dimensional space-time occurs at a normal rate.

                                          Electron In Two Dimensions of Time t_3Di and t_4Di     
  
                                                      Figure 2.

Quantumed time simply means that each moment of time exists only for a brief moment in time and that there are a finite amount of such moments of time per second of ordinary time. Such a short moment of time is t_3Di . Evidence may seem to be the quasi quantum computers emntioned later.
  The concept of the quantum computer in conventional science may have first been made by physicist Rolf Landauer around 1960s  in recorded history. He came with the idea that computation in mathematics was an abstract process of mathematical ideas than the physics of machines. The concept of quantum computing was further developed by physicist David Deutsch in 1970s.  The concept of the quantum computer may have been adopted by science and makes conventional science seem less boring and less trivial.
February 2007. Section last updated: February 26, 2008. 



Report Summary

A Basic Model
Hypertime Time Dimension
Ordinary time in three dimensional space is symbolized by t_3Di. Fast frequency electrical currents may perhaps also partially exists in hypertime or hyperspace since hyperspace is a subspace where ordinary three dimensional space-time may be embedded in. Electrical oscillations with frequency f may speed up when in temporary in hypertime toward an electrical frequency of f_s . If electrical oscillations per second are faster than the normal speed of time N, then the electrical oscillations must exists in hypertime t_4Di if this quantized time model exists. The t_4Di is time in another time dimensions if it exists. The three dimensional space time t_3Di range considered is:
{t_3Di | -1 second< t_3Di< +1 second}.
Hypertime t_4Di time flow rate or speed is perhaps indefinite. Hypertime t_4Di=t_3Di², or t_4Di=t_3Diⁿ . The faster the electrical oscillations 3 in figure 2, the more the oscillation is within hypertime t_4Di, and the larger the affects of hypertime on the electron -e. Hypertime immersed computer means that the computer or electricity in the computer exists partially in hypertime along with existing in normal time.
   Let P_i(x_i, y_i, z_i, t_3Di, t_4Di, U_i) a point at the centre of an ith electron if an electric current inside a computer. Point  P_i(x_i, y_i, z_i, t_3Di, t_4Di, U_i) existing in a local seven dimensional space-time moves with the electron. Hyper electromagnetics is simply electromagnetic mathematics in six or seven dimensions where an single electromagnetic particle, light photon or an electron may be located by a point
P_i(x_i, y_i, z_i, t_3Di, t_4Di, U_i) on and moving with the particle. Variables x_i, y_i, and z_i are the three dimensional spacial coordinate locations of point P_i relative to an arbitrarily chosen point on earth at a moment of time t_3Di. Variable t_4Di is hypertime or hypertime fourth dimensional value, and ordinary time flow t_3Di is in the fourth dimension also. Variable U_i is a universe number that can represent our universe or a parallel universe. For examples: t_4Di=10^-14 second in hypertime equals t_3Di=(t_4Di)^1/2=10^-6 second in real ordinary time; x_i=y_i=z_i=100 metres, t_3Di=10^-7 second, U_i=universe 2, t_3Di=(t_4Di)^1/2, i=electron 4, for t_3Di<∆t_max =10^-7 S. The maximum required electric pulse width is ∆t_max . The n=2, or n= 3. The n can be a positive integer from 2 to 200, which  increases as t_3Di reduces. A quantized moment of time of t_3Di the smallest moment of time in three dimensional space-time may perhaps be only divided as smaller moments 5 of hypertime t_4Di of figure 2. The t_3Di may be a succession of temporal quanta or moments of time. Temporal quanta is defined by others as a period of time. One moment of time would be the smallest moment of time 1/N in three dimensional space-time. Since time may be quantized the position of a small object like an electron cannot be accurately located as its velocity increases as it jumps from one moment of time to the next. A quantized moment of time or segment of time would have a limited duration in time of t_3Di= 1 moment of time. Hyperspace or hypertime t_4Di  may exist between the quantized moments of time as shown in previous figure 2. Assume that the linear velocity of an electron in a vacuum is v and the smallest time duration of three dimensional space is dt_3Di=1 chronon in equation: v=ds/dt_3Di.
Then the smallest distance that we can measure that the electron has traveled is ds. Within length ds the electron may partially exist in hypertime t_4Di and in its local hyperspace. For examples: v=10^-4 metres/second, 
10^-50 S.<dt_3Di<10^-85 second. The electron would perhaps teleport is it travels in hyperspace within small length ds. If we could measure v and ds with an experimental device, we may be able to find dt_3Di .
   In quantum mechanics field of study, a light particle like a photon may appear to be at more than one location at the same time. Electrons may be located at more than one location in an electric current at the same time. In the page " Linear Acceleration Of A Mass " there is a mass acceleration model equation: a_i=(F_i/m_i)v_i^1/2, where a_i is the linear acceleration of the mass m_i, m_i is the mass of the electron , v_i is the electron's velocity in same direction as a_i, and F_i is the acceleration force on m_i in same direction as a_i. This fast acceleration a_i may make the electron appear as it were in more than one location at the same time. Electrons may be located at two or more locations at the same time; the electron may be located at point (x_i, y_i, z_i) and location (x_i,j, y_i,j, z_i,j). For this can modify point P_i by adding a hyper space vector dimensions H_i,j for the ith electron at location j. The point P_i becomes:
P_i(x_i, y_i, z_i, H_i,j, t_3Di, t_4Di, U_i)
in 8 dimensions. A Cartesian coordinate system of seven dimensions of a region of space-time H_i,j is shown in figure 2b. It shows parallel universe U_i=universe 1 and U_i= universe 2 graphs with these number chosen arbitrarily. In this case x=x_i, y=y_i, z=z_i  are placed an a single axis, because we have a difficulty in imagining 7 dimensions in space.

                 A Seven Dimensional Cartesian Coordinate System.       

                                           Figure 2b.

Point P_i  displacement magnitude: ||s_i||=(x_i²+y_i²+ z_i²)^1/2=s_i.
Then other location of subatomic particle is:
(x_i,j, y_i,j, z_i,j)=(x_i, y_i, z_i)+H_i,j=(x_i+H_xi,j, y_i+H_yi,j, z_i+H_zi,j); x_i,j=x_i+H_xi,j;
H_i,j=(H_xi,j, H_yi,j, H_zi,j );
||H_i,j||=(H_xi,j² + H_yi,j² + H_zi,j²)^1/2;
||s_i,j||=(x_i,j²+ y_i,j²+ z_i,j²)^1/2.
The appearance of the same particle at two different locations at the same time is called superposition. Superposition enables electrons to appear to exists in hypertime t_4Di. Time flow rate in hypertime may be faster than normal three dimensional time t_3Di. For example, if we could place a miniature television camera in hypertime and watch normal time t_3Di, we could see 0.01 second=t_3Di of normal time pass by while time1 second=t_4Di of elapsed time by the camera in hypertime went by. The time dt_4Di for the electron to travel distance H_i,j is small such that 0.0 S.<dt_4Di<10^-10000 S. Then the instantaneous velocity of the electron is:
v_i,j=H_i,j/dt_4Di,   (10);  f_s=v_i,j c,    (11).


     Figure 2c.

Hyper electronic computer circuits may operate at very fast apparent speeds f_s.
Such a model may help describe fast hyper electronic circuits . There are also other scientific models for hyper electronic operation related to the above electromagnetic model. These models would be based on the apparent experimental evidence if the experimental evidence was true.

Superposition In Space
Imagine an electron -e taking a circular path 2 in a magnetic field with magnetic field intensity B as shown in figure 3. The electron can be at position 3 at a particular time t_3Di. The electron is in superposition when it is at position 3 and position 4 at the same time t_3Di on circular path 2 with radius r_c . Then H_i,j/r_c can be the angular position difference of the electron in position 3 and 4. The angular distance between positions 3 and 4 of electron -e is H_i,j/r_c .

    Electron Following a Circular Path In A Magnetic Field
            Figure 3.

 Then the angular velocity or tangential velocity of the electron can also be defined by above equation (10), and angular frequency can be f_s is equation (11). This model equates v_i,j to f_s , where v_i,j relates to hyperspace electron velocity and f_s relates to hypetime t_4Di time flow rate.
Examples: F_i=0.001 newton, v_i=10⁴ metres/second, m_i = 9.11×10^-31 kilogram, H_xi,j= H_yi,j= H_zi,j=0.01000 metre, j = 2 location, r_c = 0.050000 metre. Speed of light in vacuum is c=2.99792×10⁸ metres/second, B=0.100 tesla. Electric frequency f=4.6×10⁸ cycles per second. The acceleration of an electron may perhaps be: a=dv/dt=(F_e/m_i)v_e , or a=dv/dt=(F_e/m_i)v,    
according to the article " Linear Acceleration Of A Mass". This is when F_e/m_i is large. Where m_i is the mass of the electron, and F_e is the electric force on electron and v_e is electron's velocity at acceleration time t. Electric force on each electron may be defined as:
F_e=qV÷d, E=V÷d,
where q is the charge of the electron, and V is the acceleration voltage to push or pull the electron with force F_e. Variable d is the distance of the electrostatic metal plates than emit the electric field intensity E. Examples: q=-1.60 ×10^-27 coulomb, V=100 volts, d=0.001 metre. Then the velocity v_e=v_ef of the electron at acceleration time t=t_f is in: dv/dt=(F_e/m_i)v_e; dv(1/v_e)= (F_e/m_i)dt;
∫(1/v_e )dv =∫(F_e/m_i)dt; Ln v_ef - Ln v_ei=(F_e/m_i)[t_f - t_i]; v_ef=e^{(Fe/mi)[tf - ti]}.
This very fast final velocity v_ef makes the electron appear to be in superposition. The N_e is the number of electrons in the electric current I. Angular velocity of electron is: w=2πf=2πv_ef÷r_c. The f_s∝v_ef . The symbol ∝ in this case means proportional to. Measurement units: 1 V.= 1 volt, 2 V.=2 volts, 3 V.=3 volts; 1 A.=1 ampere, 2 A.=2 amperes, 3 A.=3 amperes; 1 C.=1 coulomb, 2 C.= 2 coulombs, 3 C.= 3 coulombs.
Examples: v_ei=10^-16 m./nS. at start time t_i=10^-7 nS., t_f=1 nS., nS.=nanosecond, e=2.718281828., 1 nS.=10^-9 S.,
1 pS.=10^-13 S, N_e=10¹⁴ electrons, S.=second, π= 3.141592654, λ= 65 metres. Velocity v=10⁵ metes/second,
q=1.6022×10^-19 C., V=+5 V., r=0.01 metre, S.= second. 
Measured wavelength of electromagnetic wave of electron in electric current, or electric signal would be:
λ=c/f, f_s/f=(v_e/λ)/(c/λ)=v_e/c;
for f>3×10⁶ cycles per second, with hypertime frequency f_s=1/t_4Di. Electron's physical velocity  v∝f. The hypertime frequency f_s=b×f, where b is an integer of very large magnitude. The b value is so large that small changes in b or f_s produces very little changes in f. Each cycle of clock physical frequency f would have a set of f_s waves. The f_s cycles would be in phase or resonance with f so that the next cycle of f starts a new set of f_s waves or cycles as shown in figure 3c. For example: b=10¹⁰⁰ (cycles per second)/(cycle per second). The hypertime electric frequency f_s would have no electromagnetic energy and could only be detected by devices that do not need energy such as a transistor or thermionic vacuum tube (triode). The transistor input may only require electrical energy to overcome electrical resistance R or R_i. Required transistor input power may be: P_in=I² ×R=V² ÷R_i=10^-200 watt, where current I is the input current into transistor, and V is the applied electrical voltage to the transistor input resistance R. May not be able to detect hypertronic frequency f_s when electric transducers like light emitting diodes that require electrical energy. Perhaps only nearly stationary electrical charges like protons in semiconductors and electricity can react to hypertronic frequency f_s. Only the results of f_s can be detected after the hypertime frequency f_s generation was finished. Examples: V=0.6 V., I=10^-4 A.

  Graphs of f_s Waves In Phase With f  Waves.
        Figure 3c.

   This model may work because electromagnetic waves can travel at the speed of light c and instantaneously as explained in page " Electromagnetic Field Propagation Velocity". The angular speed can be 2πf at the speed of light c and 2πf_s which is nearly instantly.
   The velocity of the electron in a loop of electrically conducting wire using classical physics may be:
v_L=(2qV/m_i)^1/2,
where V is the accelerating voltage on electron's charge q. The length of the electrical loop is 2πr. If 2πfr>v_L a single cycle of frequency f cannot be completed within time period 1/f. The the electrons of the electric current of frequency f must go into superposition. At superposition the electrons appear to have an instantaneous velocity v_e. At this velocity v_e, the electrons may partially exists in hypertime as shown in figure 3b. In figure 3b, the initiating physical electric pulse 2  is accelerated or shortened in time in hypertime showing as pulse 3 in hypertime or local hyperspace. With pulse 2 as shortened pulse 3, pulse 3 is also in superposition in time as pulses 4 and 5. The digital signal 2 of figure 3b shows a voltage of V= 5 V. at about 0.1 watt with a physical frequency f.

       Electrons In Superposition In Space, And In Accelerated Time Or Hypertime

                                                    Figure 3b.

The frequency f then generates a hypertime frequency f_s. Basically, the physical electric speed f goes into f_s in hypertime or local hyperspace. Example: t_4D2=1 second, t_4D3=t_4D2+10^-200 S. in figure 3b.
If 2πfr=v_L ,  the single cycle of f   can complete within time period 1/f and so f_h=f. This is stated in equation:
   

Variable f_h is the actual digital computer speed or speed of  byte calculations which may be equal to f_s or f. Hypertronic circuits or hyper electronics may involve the nearly instantaneous transfer of electronic information as electrical voltages like V at 0.01 watt within an electrical current. Since we may not know how electromagnetism really works perhaps we need to set aside much of the scientific information we read and see in school textbooks and do these science experiments ourselves. 
Then perhaps: v_e=1÷(u_4o×µ_4o)^1/2.
Local hypertime hyperspace electromagnetic permeability: u_4o=u_o×f÷f_s,
Local hypertime hyperspace electrostatic permitting: µ_4o=µ_o×f÷f_s.
Then pseudo capacitance in hypertime hyperspace is perhaps: C₄=µ_4oµA÷d_p,
where A is the surface area of the metal disks facing each other and d_p is the distance between these disks.
Electromagnetic permeability of free or vacuum space is u_o=4π×10^-7 tesla metre/ampere. Electrostatic permitting of free vacuum space is: µ_o=8.8542×10^-12 farad²/(newton metre² ). Examples: physical clock frequency in a local three dimensional space-time f= 6.0×10⁶ cycles per second, local hypertronic frequency f_s= 1.×10²⁷ iterations/second, A=0.0004 metre², d_p=0.00002 metre, µ=1 for vacuum dielectric between the metal disks. The electronic oscillator may have a frequency of f, but the electrical signal or information between electronic computer microscopic size memory may travel instantaneously at v_e . 


A Parallel Universes Model For Hyper Electronics Operation
Another operation model of fast hyper electronic circuits or quasi quantum computer is that there may be parallel universes that have copies of the computer under test. The original copy of the computer in our present universe may perform the first clock pulse of the computer instruction. Another copy of the computer may perform the second clock pulse of the computer program, and then a third copy of the computer in a third parallel universe does the next clock pulse of the instruction. The original computer may then perhaps perform the fourth clock cycle of the computer instruction. These cycles may be repeated for the rest of the computer instructions until the computer program completes. These copies of the computers would be closely interlinked between each other via the local hyperspace. These clock pulses by each computer copy would be handled nearly simultaneously and would appear to complete nearly simultaneously in our three dimensional local space-time. Since these three or more copies in the parallel universes U_i are basically the same, these would recognize the instruction clock pulses of each other. The instruction cycle done in one copy of the computer would also be done in the copies. This makes the computer speeds f_s appear to be very fast. The electromagnetic fields of the electrons of the clock cycles would perhaps be the communication medium between copies of the computers in parallel time lines. The displacement vector in three dimensional space-time of such an electron of the electricity that carries the clock pulse at a particular moment of time can be: s=(s_x,s_y,s_z,U_i). Mathematical linear transformation from 4-space to 3-space is: 
T: R⁴→R³:   s=(s_x,s_y,s_z,U_i)→T(s)=(u_x s_x, u_y s_y, u_z s_z); for s=T(s).
In another model, there perhaps may be a single anti-matter parallel universe beside our normal universe. An anti-matter universe would be nearly the same as our own normal universe, except that the electrons are called positrons and have a positive electric charge. An anti-matter copy of the computer or hypertronic circuit may exists in the anti-matter universe. The original computer in the normal universe performs the first clock cycle 1b in figure 6b of the computer instruction. Then the anti-matter copy of the computer in the parallel anti-matter universe would perform the second clock cycle of the computer instruction nearly immediately. Then the ordinary copy of the computer in the normal universe performs the third clock pulse 3b in figure 6b of the computer instructions nearly immediately. The cycle of each performing the calculations would repeat until the computer program completes. The normal computer and the anti-matter computer would be closely linked via the local hyper space. They are basically the same; what occurs in another may reflect in the copy. One copy of the computer 1 would see some of the clock pulses already done that was not done by itself, and copy 1 would proceed with the next clock pulse. These three or more clock pulses of the instruction would occur nearly simultaneously in normal time. This causes the computer speed to be a very fast f_s. In one copy of the computer, the electron can be at a particular local s=0.02 metre in the computer, and would be relocated nearly instantaneously to another location s=0.001 metre in the same computer by the anti-matter computer in the anti-matter parallel universe. This perhaps will only occur only for electrical clock pulses that last less than 10^-6 second, because the hyperspace window that allows the anti-matter computer to communicate with the normal computer copy lasts only for a short time. A microscopic size portal or opening in local three dimensional space-time where the electromagnetic signals between anti-matter universe of computer and normal universe of computer may only last for a short window of time. This short window or period of time may perhaps be 1/f_max. This sharing of electromagnetic information between copies of computers may perhaps only occur with small subatomic particles like electrons of electrical current flow in hypertronic circuits, because larger masses would take too much electrical energy to travel between parallel universes. This model mainly applies for short electrical pulses like computer clock pulses that lasts only for a short time. The electric signal would finish before the next clock pulse runs. Hypertonic calculations may perhaps occur in other parallel universes U_i where there are other soft or virtual copies of the computer; the calculations are only detected in three dimensional local space-time in the normal initial computer when the calculation results halts for at least 1/(4f_b) or 1/f_max in the soft computer copies. When the normal comuter in normal local three dimensional space-time detects the resultsthat has a duration of at least 1/f_max, it collects the results and restarts the calculations. The start of the calculations may perhaps then go hypertronic speed f_s again. The f_max could also be the maximum electrical frequency that the transistors in the computer can detect of local three dimensional space-time. Calculation halt delay t_de>1/f_max . Imaginary examples:  s=0.02 metre, s_x=0.001 metre →, s_y=0.01 metre ↑, s_z=0.005 metre ,
U_i=our own parallel universe 1, U_i=||U_i||, data bus speed f_b=4000000 bytes/second, u_x=1 metre/metre, u_y=1 metre/metre, u_z =1 metre/metre, t_de=1.01/(4f_b ).


Superposition of Electromagnetic Wave States Model, Or Electromagnetic Multiple Forms Model
Scientific models of electromagnetism may be incorrect or partially incorrect. To avoid narrow assumptions on electromagnetism, there is a multiple forms of electromagnetism model called the electromagnetic multiple forms model. There is an unusual model of electromagnetism that says that the true form of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum is unknown or indefinite until it is detected by an atom or measuring device. The measuring device or
observer(s) partially determines the science experiment results. This is like the anti-realist point of view. The anti-realist ideology states that there is no physical reality other than the reality we make in our own minds. The realist position states that reality such as electromagnetism and gravity is independent of the human mind. Can take a middle point of view between the anti-realist and realist point of views and assume that some parts of reality such as electromagnetism may perhaps be affected by the human observer by a small degree. The electromagnetic wave can take one of many forms in this electromagnetic multiple form model. The electromagnetic wave may exist in multiple forms at the same time until it is detected. This is superposition of electromagnetic states model where the state Ψ_n,i ( ) of the electromagnetic wave in a vacuum is not known until it is measured or detected by matter (atom). The electromagnetic photon may exists as a particle or as a wave. Someone could detect a photon as a particle using the photo-electric effect in a photo tube. The photon appears as a particle because it moves or knocks an electron from an atom of metal in the photo tube
  The photon's velocity in a local vacuum space-time may not be determined until someone measures it. If we observe an electromagnetic wave's voltage amplitude and frequency on an electronic oscilloscope screen we cannot detect the velocity of the electromagnetic wave.
  The polarization of the photon wave may not be known until the polarization is measured with a polaroid. The photon wave polarization can be with 45 degrees of the polaroid's orientation. 
  If we do not observe the behavior or form an electromagnetic wave it may partially exists in hypertime and local hyperspace until it is detected on its completion of its travel.
  The sine wave frequency of the electromagnetic wave in a vacuum may also be indefinite until it is detected. The detect frequency would also depend on the reviving antenna dimensions. Can transmit a radio wave with a hertzian dipole called the transmitter antenna that may be about 3 metres long. The radio wave would be about 0.1 watt at 10 volts-peak with a fundamental frequency f of about
5 megahertz=f. The same radio signal would have some harmonic frequencies 3f/2, 5f/4, 4f/3=h_a and others with similar amplitudes. A receiving coil antenna with 2 to 6 loops at about 0.5 metre diameter which is tuned to about 2f radio frequency can be used as a receiver antenna. This receiver antenna can work as an electric or radio frequency multiplier when placed a few centimetres away from the transmitter antenna. The receiver antenna turns the radio wave signal into an electric signal with the electric signal then detected with an electronic oscilloscope. The electric frequency from the receiver antenna could depend and the receive antenna's length of its wire loops. This indicates that the receive antenna can be an electric frequency multiplier. The many electric sine wave frequencies of the transmitter antenna could induce many faster electric frequencies in the receiver loop antenna. Since the resultant radio frequency in receiver loop can be a few of many, the frequencies of the radio waves between both antennas in the vacuum could be indefinite.
  With this scientific model of electromagnetism an electromagnetic wave or photon when in a vacuum and in isolation from other atoms may have many different forms simultaneously until it takes one form when it is detected. This idea of an electromagnetic wave or photon being at an indefinite state or superposition of states when it is not being observed or not detected is called the superposition of electromagnetic states model. The symbol  Ψ_z,i ( ) represents the wave function of the ith photon at state z or zth form. The electromagnetic field or photon can take one form z or perhaps be a combination of some of the forms z. Equation (2z) has wave function Î¨_,z,i ( )  matched to a set of values, measured values and equations defining the photon depending on state z:

For example with form z=1, the electromagnetic photon travels at speed c in absolute vacuum space. As form z=2, the electromagnetic wave is detected as a sine wave voltage V on a cathode ray tube screen of an electronic oscilloscope, and you may not be able to measure speed c of electromagnetic waves with this detection method. For example, as electromagnetic form z=5, the electromagnetic waves as electrons in an electric current can perhaps be detected as hypertronic speeds f_s. These hypertronic speeds f_s could only be detected after completion of the computer program by using digital electronic memory defined by boolean algebra equations: ~(~A & Y₂)=Y₁, ~(B &Y₁) =Y₂. Work function for photoelectric effect is W_o=2.28 electron volts for sodium. Photon propagation velocity v_p, Planck's constant h=6.63×10^-34 joule second. The s is distance travel by radar signal between time t_t and t_r. Time t_t is transmit time and t_r is signal received time. Examples for equations (2z): s=20 metres, t_t=10^-7 second, 1/f=t=1/f, V_m=10 volts-peak at 10^-8 watt, 1<I_int<10¹² stars. Symbol & is for logical bitwise "and" gate, symbol ~ is for logical bitwise "not" gate. Digital signal voltage V_S= +5 V. at 0.1 watt. If A=1 bit, then Y₁=0 bit, ~A=B, and Y₂=1=~Y₁. 1 bit=5 V.-peak at 0.02 watt, 0 bit= 0.1 V.-peak at 0.00000001 watt, x=3 coins. I _int in equation (2z) is an integer. The f  f_s. The dashed arrow symbol  means: partially implies, sometimes implies or mostly implies. Then
f  f_s means: f sometimes or mostly implies f_s .

Superposition In Time
Superposition is when a subatomic particle like an electron or photon appears to be able to exist at more than one place at the same time. In superposition in time, the first electromagnetic wave or electron wave sends copies of its self as hyper-electromagnetic waves into the recent past and future as shown in figure 5. The second wave or cycle also does the same. Then the following waves do the same. The waves and hyper-electromagnetic waves then appear to exists in one or several moments of time nearly at the same time. Then the waves that do not violate casualty or are in chronological order in a local three dimensional space-time are detected by the computer circuit. Casualty violation is when a present electron interferes with its past self so that this present  electron cannot achieve this time travel .Only electromagnetic wave events of the past that permit a smooth flow of  events in time come to exist in three dimensional space-time. Then local hyper-electromagnetic waves in parallel universes are perhaps only local potential realities.
From the article " Possible Heterodyning Of Light Photons Through Milliseconds Of  Time"  . 
   
   Figure 4.
   Figure 5: Superposition Of Some Electromagnetic Waves Over Milliseconds Of Time.

The electromagnetic waves within time period t_rg= 0.01 second may be superimposed along time. This may indicate that these electromagnetic waves with frequency f_w=10⁹ cycles per second at wattage levels W= 0.00001 watt within time period t_rg occurs simultaneously within time period t_rg at least in hyperspace. Each electromagnetic wave would have the other adjacent electromagnetic waves superimposed on it that exists within time period t_rg. The electromagnetic waves can be superimposed or in superpositioned on the first front electromagnetic wave near the start of t_rd and can be completed or operate then. Then the next packet of electromagnetic waves follow and do the same actions. This way electromagnetic waves or pulses can be compressed in time from t_3Di into t_4Di.  The electromagnetic waves traveling though time cannot be detected by the usual means like with an electronic oscilloscope. It may be detected by its influence on ordinary electromagnetic waves. The amplitudes V (at 0.1 watt peak, and f=10⁶ cycles per second) of the superposition of waves of figure 5 may reduce with times further from the present time t_i as shown in figure 6. Shortest needed time period T_m=t_rg/2. Example: T_m=0.001 second, 1/f<T_m/5.

        Amplitudes Of  The Superposition Of Waves Of Figure 5 Through Time t _3Di


                                              Figure 6.

If an electric pulse duration Δt_3Di>t_rg the hypertime electric frequency f_s may not occur. Δt_3Di=10^-4 second. Only the electromagnetic and electric waves that are in superposition that do not violate casualty, or are in chronological order in three dimensional space-time are detected or play out in three dimensional space-time in the computer circuit. This may be the most likely scientific model of these models for the production of fast hypertime electric frequencies f_s .
  Can try to use this superposition in time model with the parallel universes model above. In this model, a copies 1, 2 and 3 of computer in parallel universe or parallel time lines U_i=1, U_i=2 and U_i=3 respectively may exist. Figure 6b may help illustrate how copies of computers in parallel universes may interact. These quasi quantum computer copies would be linked via the local hyperspace. They are very similar and would be considered the same computer. The original computer 1 in our normal parallel universe U_i=universe1 does the first clock pulse 1b of its machine code instruction in figure 6b. Pulse 1b would initiate and perform the operation of a portion of the machine code instruction. The computer copy 2 in parallel universe Ui=universe 2 also receives the results of pulse 1b made by the computer copy 1. It (computer 2) sees pulse 1b already done, but may not know how it was done. Then this computer copy 2 in parallel universe U_i=universe 2 immediately does the next pulse 2b of the computer instruction in figure 6b. The computer copy 3 in parallel time line U_i= universe 3 detects pulse 2b and 1b also and sees these pulses already done. Computer copy 3 than does the third pulse 3b of the computer instruction immediately in figure 6b. The computer copy 1 would also detect pulse 3b already done. Computer copy 1 may then do pulse 4b of the instruction immediately. The other two copies 1 and 2 of the computer would also see the pulse 4b somehow already done. The this cycle may repeat again to perform the other program's binary machine code instructions until the computer program stops. Since the four pulses 1b, 2b, 3b, and 4b in figure 6b may be nearly superposition in time they could be processed nearly simultaneously by each copy of the quasi quantum computer in the parallel time lines U_i. The pulses 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, etcetera would be completed at a very fast speed f_s.

  Some Computer Instruction Pulses Superposition In Time And In Parallel Time Lines

                                         Figure 6b.

   To prove this hypertime model or partially prove the electromagnetic multiple form model, may perhaps use the hypertime immersed computer also called the semi quantum computer, hypertronic computer or quasi quantum computer. This very fast computer is called a quasi quantum computer because it may have fast calculation speeds. A quasi quantum computer would have similar calculation speed performances as a quantum computer would have if a quantum computer works, except the quasi quantum computer uses a group of particles like electricity instead of just one particle orientation to represent a binary bit. A quasi quantum computer is a hyper electronic circuit. The superposition of electrons or electric signals in space and time may be the best model to explain the operation of hyper electronic circuits. The quasi quantum computer calculations appear to happen at the same time in three dimensional space. Figures 6c may help explain this. The first pulse "a" of the computer byte starts at time t₀=0.00 second in figures 6c(a) and 6c(b). Figure 6c(b) is figure 6c(a) expanded over time graphically.

    Figure 6c.

The 16 bit address bus of a microprocessor integrated circuit figure 8 appears to be pulsing with  11111111,11111111₂ most of the time when measured or seen via an electronic oscilloscope. The addresses 00000000,00000000₂ to 11111111,11111111₂ which are not visible may perhaps occur at the same time in the local three dimensional space. The section "Unproven Experiment E: Test Circuit With The Z180 Microprocessor " shows other uncertain experiments. The control lines or address bits are A₀ through
A_m-1, with {m| m I_int, m≥2}, integers I_int=2 through 10000. Bits A_m-1 through A₀ form a binary word A a set of bits. Bit A ₀ (on far right in above binary numbers) would be the least significant bit of the control lines. The hypertronic speed f_s would depend an the number of clock pulses that can fit with time period 2T_m, so hypertronic speed depends on clock speed f. The hypertronic speed f_s also depends on the number range 2^m-1 that the hypertronic transistor have to detect. The the hypertronic speed should be at least: f_s=2T_m  f (2^m-1), m=16 bits (electrical control lines). The electric signal bytes must be distinguished by an address byte A=A_i with at least two bits or electric lines. The faster the clock frequency f  the closer the byte or word A_i  signals are in time and so the greater the degree of superposition of the A_i  words, so that perhaps:
f_s=f ÷((1/∆t_max)-f), where 0.0 pulses/second <f ≤(1/∆t_max), for subscript  i=1 to 2^m words. Where where all bytes or binary words A_i are in superposition when 1/∆t_max≤f . This superposition of electrons (electricity) in space and time model for hypertronic computer may be the best model in this title. Virtual computer information  in figure 6e is massless and perhaps need not travel at the speed of light c, but faster. 

   Virtual Computer Machine

        Figure 6e.

   Some other tests seems to be able to be done with java computer language servlets on a Linux server computer revealed next and an 8085 microprocessor in experiment G. This model may work because electromagnetic waves can travel at the speed of light c and instantaneously as explained in page " Electromagnetic Field Propagation Velocity". The angular speed can be 2ωf at the speed of light c and 2ωf_s which is nearly instantly.
         
         
Experiment A: Linux Server And AMD Athlon Computer Tests
The AMD Athlon processor is an i686 type of digital circuit or processor. The i686 processors which can be from different manufacturers are based on the Intel 80686 processor. It can be the central processor unit of a Von Neumann type of computer architecture found in desktop computers. Figure 4 may show the block diagram of a basic Von Neumann computer architecture.

 Block Diagram Of A Simple Basic Von Neumann Computer Architecture
   Figure 4.

   Time flow rate in hypertime can be much faster. The fast pulsing electricity with frequency f in a processor circuit like the AMD Athlon processor may partially exist in hypertime t_4Di. When the electric pulses with frequency f falls into hypertime that is between normal three dimensional times t_3Di, the rate of time flow of the electric pulses becomes faster to f_s. Then the faster computer clock speed of a computer with its electricity partially existing in hypertime may be: f_s= 1/t_4Di=1/t_3Di².
Example: t_3Di=5×10^-9 second, f=1/t_3Di.We normally only experience or notice frequency f in three dimensional space-time. Electrons that are much lighter in weight may perhaps undergo existence in hypertime and accelerated speed much easier than large masses like a copper penny. At the quantum level at which electrons or subatomic particles are, subatomic particles may behave differently than large objects like copper pennies as a whole do. Subatomic particles like electrons may quantum tunnel as the article " Homopolar Electric Dynamos" may indicate. When an electron quantum tunnels, it seems to disappear from one region and re-appear in another region of space as the particle travels. This quantum tunelling ability may perhaps permit electrons to travel quickly in hypertime with frequency f_s.

Program Calculation Completion Times
Certain computer codes required specific completion times depending partially on the size of the program.
The machine code quantity generated by the assembly language should be as short as possible. Java server pages language on a Linux/Unix server seems to perform the codes 4b   shown below to over 1000000  times faster than active server pages.net language on a Windows server on the same server computer. The code will finish within 5 seconds on Linux (Unix based) server operating system. This is so if the Unix operating system does not insert any codes within the inner loop, and the Linux version can be trusted, is working, when the Linux/Unix does not do to many processor interruptions, and when the Linux/Unix server is not to busy. For more predictable results use the Java servlet language within a Linux server operating system software. The active server pages.net software was perhaps doing some code checking, virtual memory to physical memory location control and perhaps had larger machine code quantity than Unix software that prolonged to code completion. The following list (2d) are test or source codes of some of the test programs of table 2 (unavailable indefinitely) below also with java language source codes shown in same  table 2. 

Computer Processing Speed f_s Test  Source Codes 
  Codes 4b
  Codes 4c4
  Codes 4c
  Codes 4c2 
  Codes 4c3
  Codes4c4
  Codes 4d
  Codes 6b,
  Codes 7b.                                         (2d)

The N= 100000000 -(number of operations x2 within the outer "for" loop). There is a  code that performs the speed test using "for" loop iterations. The speed of  code 4b was discovered by serendipity. Code 4b test page: ../servlet/check (place cursor in url bar and press "Enter" a few times if pages does not show within 18 seconds and reload serlvet "check") . Other test codes 4b4 also worked, but it takes a longer time to complete. Test 30 codes 9 in table 2 which may take a few tries to complete shows best experiment at this time.
When codes 6b was written in assembly language in Windows XP with McAfee firewall program it performed slower than in the above java server pages code on Unix/Linux operating system.
Testing codes 6b shows the Turbo Assembler Language version of the above code 4b that ran on Windows XP in a desk top computer. The java server pages code of codes 4b than ran on Unix server still ran over 2200 times faster than codes 6b.  Making the machine code as efficient as possible is called code optimization. May be able to make the computer program efficient by minimizing the number of machine code in the computer program and by choosing the appropriate machine codes. To minimum the machine codes can try ro use as many microprocessor registers as possible as shown in code 4d before running the loops of codes 4b. Codes 7b is similar to codes 6b.  
Table 2 shows computer speeds f_s versus computer operating system software and language compilers for 32 bit words ( x and y numbers) only on a 32 bit processor circuit.
Computer speed f_s is in units of operations per second or iterations per second. Each repeat of the "for" loop or increment of x or y in codes 4b is an iteration. The f_s speeds in table 2 can also be number of "for" loop iterations per second of many of the demonstration codes of table 2 (unavailable indefinitely) . Table 2 shows the codes that were used to test the corresponding computer speed and the programming language of this code. The compiler brand were the programs to turn the codes into machine language codes for the computer to run. Bios and hardware utility programs y are the computer start programs that are in the read only memory integrated circuits that come with the main circuit board. the fast speeds only shows well with the above simple computer test codes, but the data does seems to show the existence of hypertime electric frequency f_s. The java servlet demonstration programs of table 2 were difficult to start. If some of the demonstration programs in table 2 do not work within 15 to 60 seconds, place the cursor in the url bar after the url and press "Enter", or click on link 2 to 5 times at 5 to 8 second intervals with lower (green colored) progress indicating bar working. This may avoid interference on the java virtual machine by the operating system software, by the java virtual machine and the hypertext transfer protocol (http). Program  4c (Codes 4c) should take 10 to 35 seconds or in about 3 minutes to complete usually after pressing the "Enter" key, button or link again. Program 4c3 (Codes 4c3) usually takes about 10 seconds or 3 minutes to complete. Programs 4c2 and 4c3 are difficult to make work immediately. If program 4c3 does not finish in about 5 minutes, retry the link again; place cursor in url bar and press "Enter" or press link four times at 4 to 6 second intervals. For demonstration program 8 in table 2, may need to click link two times and let green progress bar below re-run at 10 to 20 second intervals. Program 8 should finish at third or fourth re-run. Need to shake (remove) the Linux operating system and Tomcat server program interruptions from the java servlet to get hypertronic frequency f_s to show.
  Test codes 9 through code 9f of test 30 have the best results, and may take about 4 to 8 minutes each to complete after restarting to progress bar two to five times (with 5 to 8 second intervals between pairs of mouse clicks). If the tests does not show in 8 minutes, try re-running the progress bar again.  With code 9g  having the best result which sometimes does not work. Test code 9 generates three sums that can only be completed if the program goes through its f_s iterations using an internet viewer.  Test code 9b is similar to test code 9 except tester needs to record the results and repeat the test code 9b. Test code 9b has 6.5×10²⁸ iterations which shows that much of the 4 minute delay for the test program to finish may be produced by the Linux operating system itself. Test code 9c  made just to confuse the java virtual machine is similar to tests codes 9 and 9b. Test 30 codes produces sum results co, co2, and/or co3 that can only be calculated by going through the iterations x, y and z. Iterations are x×y×z iterations≈f_s ×(time2-time1) in test programs. For tests 30 through 34 try clicking the link three times at about  6 second intervals with each time the progress bar below running. Tests 31 through 34 codes may work within a minute after running the progress bar twice. Using the new Mozilla 1.7.13 internet viewer program may produce quicker viewing results for some of the test codes . If the java virtual machine software makes the co, co2, and co3 results secretly, then it must have a list of numbers somewhere in the java compiler for these. It cannot make the final results of co, co2, and co3 at random. Can try many different values of initial co, co2, and co3 to test this list of numbers if the list exists. This is done in tests 3x (not available yet) in table 2. Can try to reverse the calculations of the co, co2, and co3 results to obtain their initial values. If the calculations could be reversed, this would be an indication that perhaps the java virtual machine software does not have this secret list of numbers and the results would perhaps be genuine.

Table 2. Computer Operating Speeds Versus Operating System Softwares And Computer Types 

       QDI is Quality Design Innovation software, dos is disk operating system software.

The first result of test 1 is similar to a second Linux server test 2. Test 3 of java servlet on a Unix based server took about 14 seconds to complete.
From table 2 there can be seen that assembly language of test 12 on the personal desktop computer is the slowest. The McAfee Firewall, Quick Clean and VirusScan programs in Windows XP were slowing down this assembly language of test 18 and in test 14.
   The AMD Athlon XP 1800+ processor has an actual applied clock speed f or data bus physical speed f  between 4.65 to 5. megahertz  when seen with an electronic digital oscilloscope from it, or f  less then 50 megahertz when measured with an analog oscilloscope. The byte access time from request to main memory to processor input would be about 195 nanoseconds (5.1 megahertz). The main memory (ram) bandwidth would be at least 800 megabytes per second. This means that about 4.65 megabytes of binary information would flow in the data bus in 1 second. This clock signal of f  has also weaker harmonic frequencies in the 133 to 200 megahertz range. The Windows XP software says that this processor has 1530 megahertz processing speed which is 1530/5 times faster than the physical clock speed f= 5 megahertz. The processor speed can only be as fast as the data bus speed. How can a data bus physical speed of f=5. megahertz (megabytes/second) produce an iteration speed of f_s=5.2×10⁸ iterations/second? In test 18, the Windows operating system has severely limited the speed f_s of the assembly language. The Windows server in test 16 of pre-compiled C# language that was on the server computer of test 2 produced a slow speed f_s than test 2. This may perhaps indicate that the speed of Windows server and C# machine code was deliberately set to realistic appearing value by the Windows group. The C# language on a Windows server computer did not show the fast speeds f_s which may indicate that the server computer speed may have been set, controlled or limited (pegged) to f with the server's clock since the Windows and Linux server hardwares are nearly identical. Only some of the java servlet codes (syntax) of table 2 source codes could work at hypertronic speeds f_s. This may be intentionally or unintentionally by most computer makers. If intentionally, this secret knowledge of hypertronic speeds f_s  may already be out there. If unintentionally, these computer makers do not know how to make or obtain hypertonic speeds f_s in ordinary electronic computer circuits and speed f_s was discovered by happy accident.
   To test the table 2 fast computer speeds, the experimenter may need a separate server computer or need to build his or her own computer without video output and keyboard input circuits used by computer. May need to make an own processor made from transistor-transistor-logic integrated circuits so that you can have control over the processor behavior. Can attempt to connect an internet server computer to a desktop computer and run the test codes on this server computer. The test codes must not be involved and slowed in speed with computer input and output operations. The test codes must not wait for video circuit and mouse circuit operations to continue running.
   The Linux/Unix operating system softwares in table 2 were used for testing. When desiring to use a Linux software, need to check if the Linux brand will work with the computer, and its new components like modem and optical disk drive. In tests 19 and 20, the code 4b speeds f_s even with no firewall program depends on the compiler brand also and dos.  
   Tests 9 and 10 using Perl and PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) languages have much slower speeds f_s than in test 2 even though they were run on the same server computer. With these codes, the Perl language was about 75 times faster than PHP language. Some server scripting languages seems to be faster than others depending on program codes, file size and programing tasks. Windows scripts seem to get slower with larger tasks and file searches.
   The Fedora Core (Linux, 2006/2007) desktop software was not well supported and sometimes does not fully work and may be difficult to get fully working.
   From table 2 there can be seen that monitoring programs like McAfee Firewall, Quick Clean or VirusScan, or Norton Antivirus can reduce the code completion time by over a billion times even when disabled. These monitoring programs need to be un-installed from the computer to obtain the fast speeds s shown in table 2. The number of processor interruptions that these third party monitoring programs do per second have to be reduced by 10 to a 1000 times. Test 28 of above table 2 shows a speed of f_s= 350,000 googol iterations per second if the java servlet did not deceive. A googol is a large number which is a 1 followed by 100 zeros: 1 googol=10¹⁰⁰=10 duotrigintillion. Number 1 decillion=10³³.
   There is a possibility that electricity exists in hypertime. We cannot see the speed f_s on an electronic oscilloscope screen, because the oscilloscope sweep rate currents have the same hypertime frequency f_s or time t_4Di. Then the clock frequency of the computer is: f=f_s ×t_4Di. In the above experiments, the f_s numbers changed after the second and third reloads or "Refresh" of the servlet. This would indicate that java servlet goes through the iterations before showing the numbers which means that the pre-compiled servlets on a Linux server does run at the hyperspeeds or hypertime frequencies f_s. Programs with many variable arrays like xx[2] do not show the speed f_s on the i686 server computer. The speeds f_s only show with some code types like codes 4b that use fast speeds f .  The Linux servers may not have a separate slow time clock that is used to time the interrupt the java servlets or video circuits to interfere with the java serlvets. 
   Test 36 and 37 were done on this same server computer but a different computer than other tests, and did not show hypertronic calculations speeds f_s . This indicates that the hypertonic speed capability depends also on the computer circuit board brand. Some Linux servers seem to have hypertronic calculation speeds, and to protect the hypertronic server computer existence and manufacturer, the hypertronic server computer brands will not be mentioned here.
   Did not have much control over the remote server computer of table 2 experiments, so the above experiments did not produce 100 % certainty of success. The behavior of the above server computers were a little unpredictable. The AMD Athlon (i686) processor does not seem to work fast enough for some java servlet code statement types like variable arrays. To this test computer speeds f_s need to construct a computer with computer's software from nothing or "from the ground up" by one self. Can use digital circuits to test speeds f_s. The digital computer circuits may be partially immersed in hypertime which circuits can be called hypertronics, hyper electronics, or digital hypertronics. This is with  f_s counts independent of f.  The applied clock speed f in the processor and detected by an analog oscilloscope need not  be the same as the processing speed f_s that can be observed using the above test codes. The next tests involves testing the speeds f_s of other commercial computers.
The later test using decade counter as a hypertronic circuit using light emitting diodes as digital output was also done, but did not show a hypertronic frequency f_s . Experiment G in table of contents seems to have hypertronic speed f_s results.

February 2007, section updated on: 27-02-2008. 


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